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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:37 pm
Time: 11:37 pm
Results for child victimization
4 results foundAuthor: Finkelhor, David Title: Polyvictimization: Children’s Exposure to Multiple Types of Violence, Crime, and Abuse Summary: All too often, children are victims of violence, crime, and abuse. This victimization may take the form of physical assault, child maltreatment, sexual abuse, or bullying. They may also witness such events in their homes, schools, and communities. Some children suffer several different kinds of such victimization even over a relatively brief timespan. These children and youth are at particularly high risk for lasting physical, mental, and emotional harm. The National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) was the first comprehensive national survey to look at the entire spectrum of children’s exposure to violence, crime, and abuse across all ages, settings, and timeframes. NatSCEV examined past-year and lifetime exposure to physical and emotional violence through both direct victimization and indirect exposure to violence (either as an eyewitness or through other knowledge). A focus of NatSCEV was multiple and cumulative exposures to violence. A large proportion of children surveyed (38.7 percent) reported in the previous year more than one type of direct victimization (a victimization directed toward the child, as opposed to an incident that the child witnessed, heard, or was otherwise exposed to). Of those who reported any direct victimization, nearly two-thirds (64.5 percent) reported more than one type. A significant number of children reported high levels of exposure to different types of violence in the past year: more than 1 in 10 (10.9 percent) reported 5 or more direct exposures to different types of violence, and 1.4 percent reported 10 or more direct victimizations. Children who were exposed to even one type of violence, both within the past year and over their lifetimes, were at far greater risk of experiencing other types of violence. For example, a child who was physically assaulted in the past year would be five times as likely also to have been sexually victimized and more than four times as likely also to have been maltreated during that period. Similarly, a child who was physically assaulted during his or her lifetime would be more than six times as likely to have been sexually victimized and more than five times as likely to have been maltreated during his or her lifetime (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, and Kracke, 2009). This helps explain why victimizations cumulate. More attention needs to be paid to children who are exposed to multiple types of violence, crime, and abuse. Most research has looked only at individual forms of child victimization — such as sexual abuse or bullying — without investigating the other exposures these same children may face. A new emphasis on the study of what is being called “polyvictimization” offers to help teachers, counselors, medical professionals, psychologists, child welfare advocates, law enforcement, juvenile justice system personnel, and others who work with children identify the most endangered children and youth and protect them from additional harm. This bulletin summarizes some of the key findings on polyvictimized youth, based on NatSCEV (see “History of the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence”) and the closely related Developmental Victimization Survey (DVS) (see “Methodology”). Among the key findings: 8 percent of all youth in the nationally representative NatSCEV sample had seven or more different kinds of victimization or exposures to violence, crime, and abuse in the past year. These polyvictimized youth had a disproportionate share of the most serious kinds of victimizations, such as sexual victimization and parental maltreatment. They also had more life adversities and were more likely to manifest symptoms of psychological distress. Polyvictimization tended to persist over time. It was most likely to start near the beginning of grade school and the beginning of high school, and was associated with a cluster of four prior circumstances or pathways: living in a violent family, living in a distressed and chaotic family, living in a violent neighborhood, and having preexisting psychological symptoms. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2011. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Juvenile Justice Bulletin: Accessed November 7, 2011 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/232273.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/232273.pdf Shelf Number: 123247 Keywords: BullyingChild Abuse and NeglectChild Sexual AbuseChild VictimizationChildren, Crimes Against (U.S.) |
Author: Leoschut, Lezanne Title: School violence: What makes learners vulnerable? Summary: It is the intention of this paper to highlight the contextual factors that heighten the vulnerability of children and youths to violence within schools. To do this, focus is shifted away from actual victimisation and towards the broader social environments surrounding the schools, which influence the learners’ vulnerability to having violence perpetrated against them within the school setting. An awareness of these correlates is of paramount importance since effective intervention strategies are reliant on the comprehensive understanding of why young people fall prey to such experiences in the first place. Given the diverse risk factors, the paper concludes that any attempt to address school violence should extend beyond the Department of Education to include important role-players such as the pupils themselves, their parents, community members, the South African Police Service and other government departments. Details: Claremont, South Africa: CJCP - Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention, 2008. 12p. Source: CJCP Issue Paper No. 7: Internet Resource: Accessed on February 3, 2012 at http://www.cjcp.org.za/admin/uploads/Issue%20Paper%207.pdf Year: 2008 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.cjcp.org.za/admin/uploads/Issue%20Paper%207.pdf Shelf Number: 123943 Keywords: Child VictimizationJuvenile VictimsSchool CrimeSchool Violence (South Africa) |
Author: Gilad, Michal Title: The Young and the Helpless: Re-Defining the Term 'Child Victim of Crime' Summary: Children are the most highly victimized segments of our society. The victimization of children is estimated to be the most costly public health and public safety problem today. Despite the urgency of the problem, and the proliferation of literature and policy proposals pertinent to childhood victimization, thus far, no significant efforts have been made to design a coherent definition to the term 'child victim of crime.' Existing definitions fail to account for the distinct developmental needs of children, and the unique effect of crime on children. The result of this lacuna is a colossal failure of our legal system to protect the most vulnerable and impressionable group, our children. It also leads to wasteful and inefficient utilization of public funds, and compromises public safety. This article provides a comprehensive framework, that bridges theory and practice, to develop an innovative evidence-based definition to the term 'child victim of crime'. Implementation of the proposed definition will enable the protection and treatment of millions of children crippled by crime, who currently fall beyond the boundaries of narrow policies designed for adults and unsuitable for children. It will also help improve public safely, and save invaluable public resources. Details: Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania School of Law, 2014. 44p. Source: Internet Resource: U of Penn Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 14-23 : Accessed September 15, 2014 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2467182 Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2467182 Shelf Number: 133322 Keywords: Child ProtectionChild VictimizationChild Victims (U.S.)Child WitnessesChildren Exposed to Violence |
Author: Barnardo's Title: Hidden in Plain Sight: A scoping study into the sexual exploitation of boys and young men in the UK - Policy Briefing Summary: The sexual exploitation of boys and young men is a much bigger problem than many people realise. With the support of Barnardo's, research led by UCL has found that almost one in three in a sample of the sexually exploited young people supported by Barnardo's since 2008 were male (see full reports below). The research also suggests that perceptions about 'masculine behaviour' - with victimisation being seen as a sign of weakness; may make boys particularly reluctant to seek support for the abuse that they have suffered. Professionals can be instinctively less protective of boys than girls meaning opportunities to safeguard boys are missed. The aims of the research were to: 1. Identify known characteristics of CSE cases involving boys and young men and compare them with those involving girls and young women 2. Explore professionals' views on perpetration and victimisation processes 3. Assess perceived support needs and the nature of existing service provision 4. Help inform future research, policy and practice." Details: Ilford, Essex, UK: Barnardo's, 2014. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 9, 2014 at: http://www.barnardos.org.uk/hidden_in_plain_sight-4.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.barnardos.org.uk/hidden_in_plain_sight-4.pdf Shelf Number: 133628 Keywords: Child Sexual AbuseChild Sexual Exploitation (U.K.)Child VictimizationMale Sexual ExploitationMales |